Q. 26. Write down the clinical features, treatment & diagnosis of kata-azar.
Clinical features :-
A. Early symptoms of kala-azar are :-
1. Fever
2. Cough
3. Diarrhoea
4. Malaise, Joint pain
5. Headache, bodyache
6. Vomiting.
B. Late symptoms of kala-azar are :-
1. Splenomegaly,
2. Hepatomegaly
3. Darkening of the skin of face, hands, feet and abdomen.
4. Weight loss and emaciation.
5. Anaemia
6. Lymphadenopathy may also occur.
Laboratory diagnosis :-
1. Serological tests :
(i) Direct agglutination test (DAT)
(ii) DOT- EUSA L :- In Bangladesh, DAT is very useful for early diagnosis of kala-azar.
2. Aldehyde test
3. Parasitological diagnosis
4. Culture in NNN media : Promastigoes are seen.
Treatment of kala-azar :- Sodium stibogluconate is the drug of choice. The recommended schedule is a daily injection (I/V or 1/m) of 20mg/kg for 20-30 d
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