What do you mean by NID? Mention the contraindication of OPV

Q. 52. What do you mean by NID? Mention the contraindication of OPV?
 National Immunization Day (NID) :- NID is a supplementary vaccination strategy. Aiming at interruption of transmission of poliomyelitis.
The supplementary vaccination means the administration of two extra dose of oral polio vaccine (OPV) to all children up to 5 years of age simultaneously thought the country at an interval of  one month. the helps to establish vaccine virus in the community in place of wild polio virus (disease producing virus)
 Contraindication of OPV :-
1. Acute illness- fever, diarrhoea, dysentery.
2. Chronic ill health within 3 weeks of surgery.
3. Leukemia, lymphoma, and other malignancy.
4. Those receiving corticosteroid and antimetabolites.
5. those receiving radio therapy.

Q. 53. Write down the causative agent mode of transmission, clinical feature and prevention of dengue?

 Causative agent:- Dengue virus has four serotypes (den 1, 2, 3, 4) [ The virus belongs to the family flavivirus and genus flavivirus]

 Mode of Transmission :- By day time biting of infective mosquito.
 Clinical features of dengue :-
A. Dengue fever :-
1. Headache
2. Retro orbital pain
3. Myalgia/ arthralgia
4. Rash
5. Haemorrhagic manifestation (petechiae and positive tourniquet test).
6. Leucopenia.
B. Dengue haemorrhagic fever :-
1. Positive tourniquet test
2. Petechiae ecchymosis or purpura.
3. Bleeding from mucosa, injection sites other site.
4. Haematemesis or mealena.
5. Thrombocytopenia.
6. Evidence of plasma leakage due to increased capillary permeability.
C. Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) :-
1. Pulse : rapid and weak
2. Narrow pulse pressure
3. Hypotension for age
4. Cold and clammy skin and
5. Restlessness.
 Prevention of dengue :-
A. Vector control
1. Environmental measures :
(i) Proper solid waste disposal
(ii) Improvement water storage practices.
(iii) Elimination of mosquito breeding place.
2. Chemical methods :-
(i) Application of appropriate insecticides.
(ii) During epidemics, emergency control measures may also include the application of insecticides.
B. Community participation:-
1. Growing of individual responsibility to eliminate peridomestic  mosquito larval habitats.
2. Health education.
C. Protection of host from mosquitoes bites.
1. Covering the body with clothes and shoes.
2. Using repellent such as DEET (30%) and coil.
3. Keeping an infected person (P+) in mosquito net to prevent biting .
4. It is wise to use mosquito nets to babies, old people and others who take rest during the day.