Define Environment. Write down the merits and demerits of IUCD?

Q. 12. Define Environment. Write down the merits and demerits of IUCD?

 Environment :- Environment is defined as, “the aggregate of all external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism, human behavior or Society. 

 Merits or advantage of IUCD :- 

1. It is highly effective

2. No known systemic side effects.

3. Reversible.

4. Does not required everyday use.

5. Simple, no complex procedures are involved in insertion, no hospitalization is required. 

6. Does not require privacy and toilet bacilities.

7. Independent of intercourse. 

- Reduction of dysmenorrheal. 

- Reduction of menorrhagia.

- Reduction of premenstrual tension.

- Reduce the incidence of PID, Ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis and fibroid uterus

- Reduce the incidence of benign breast disease. 

- Reduce the incidence of ovarian and uterine malignancy. 

 Demerits or disadvantage of OCP :-

A. Most common side effects:

1. Bleeding irregularities, including missed periods, scanty bleeding, spotting or break through bleeding 

2. Weight gain.

3. Skin change, acne, chloaoma

4. Breast tenderness. 

5. Benign liver tumor (adenomas)

6. De3pression or made changes. 

B. More serious but less common side effects.

1. Hypertension.

2. Stroke.

3. Thrombolic disease

4. Gall stones.

5. Cancers of breasts, uterus and lower genital tract. 

 Demerits or disadvantage of IUCD :- 

1. Fainting and collapse of the patient at the time of IUCD insertion.

2. Intramenstrual bleeding like spotting and menorrhagia occurs in 50% of cases. 

3. Painful menstruation and intramenstrul pain due to uterine colic. 

4. Risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and cervical injury. 

5. Perforation of the uterus.

6. Spontaneous expulsion.